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Glossary /Acronyms & Abbreviations
A
  • AADI - Adjusted Acceptable Daily Intake
  • AChE - acetylcholinesterase
  • ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
  • ADI - Acceptable Daily Intake
  • AHFS - American Hospital Formulary Service
  • a.i. - active ingredient
  • AIHA - American Industrial Health Association
  • AMA - American Medical Association
  • AOAC - Association of Official Analytical Chemists
  • APA - American Pharmaceutical Association
  • ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Exchange
  • ASHP - American Society of Hospital Pharmacists
  • AUR - Air Unit Risk
B
  • b:a lambda(a) - Blood-to-air partition coefficient of the chemical for the experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC
  • b:a lambda(h) - Blood-to-air partition coefficient of the chemical for the human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC
  • BHP - biodegradation, hydrolysis, and photolysis
  • BOD5 - biochemical oxygen demand as measured in the standard 5-day test
  • BUN - blood urea nitrogen
  • Bw - body weight
  • BWa - Body weight (kg) for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • BWh - Body weight (kg) for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
C
  • CAG - Carcinogen Assessment Group, U.S. EPA
  • CAS - Chemical Abstracts Service
  • CBI - Confidential business information
  • cc - cubic centimeters
  • CC - closed cup
  • CDC - Centers for Disease Control
  • CERCLA - Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
  • CFR - Code of Federal Regulations
  • CF - Conversion factor based on PBPK modeling used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for gases.
Note: The CF is specific for the experimental animal species and the exposure regimen and concentration simulated.
  • ChE - cholinesterase
  • CHO - Chinese hamster ovary
  • CIIT - Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology
  • CNS - central nervous system
  • CPK - creatine phosphokinase
  • CRAVE - Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor
  • cu.m - cubic meter
  • CWA - Clean Water Act
D
  • DASE - Dutch Association of Safety Experts
  • DHEW - U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)
  • DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
  • DOT - U.S. Department of Transportation
  • DW - drinking water
  • DWEL - Drinking Water Equivalent Level
E
  • E - exponent (e.g., 1.5E-6 = 1.5 x 10 to the power of -6)
  • EED - estimated exposure dose
  • EEG - electroencephalogram
  • EKG - electrocardiogram
  • ELISA - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • EMTD - estimated maximum tolerated dose
  • EP - Extraction Procedure
  • R - Extrarespiratory. Refers to effects peripheral to the respiratory system as the portal-of-entry, or systemic effects.
  • ET - Extrathoracic region of the respiratory tract
  • EPA - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
F
  • FEL - frank-effect level
  • FIFRA - Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
  • FOI - Freedom of Information
  • F1 - first filial generation (in experimental animals)
  • FR - Federal Register
  • FRC - functional reserve capacity
  • FTS - Federal Telecommunications System
  • FWS - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
G
  • g - grams
  • GI - gastrointestinal
  • GPT - glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
H
  • HA - Health Advisory
  • HAPPS - Hazardous Air Pollution Prioritization System
  • HAS - Health Assessment Summary
  • HCT - hematocrit
  • HDT - highest dose tested
  • HEC - human equivalent concentration
  • HEEP - Health and Environmental Effects Profile
  • Hgb - hemoglobin
  • HHS - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  • HSDB - Hazardous Substance Database
I
  • IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer
  • ICR - Institute of Cancer Research
  • ICRP - International Commission for Radiological Protection
  • i.m. - intramuscular
  • i.p. - intraperitoneal
  • i.v. - intravenous
  • IRIS - Integrated Risk Information System
  • ITII - International Technical Information Institute
K
  • kg - kilogram
L
  • L - liter
  • LCLO - Lethal Concentration Low; the lowest concentration at which death occurred
  • LC50 - Lethal Concentration 50; concentration lethal to 50% of the animals LDLO
  • LD50 - Lethal Dose 50; dose lethal to 50% of the animals
  • LDH - lactic-acid dehydrogenase
  • LDT - lowest dose tested
  • LEL - lower explosive limit
  • Lethal Dose Low - the lowest dose at which death occurred
  • LOAEL - lowest-observed-adverse-effect level
  • LOAEL(ADJ) - LOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration from an intermittent regimen by hour/day and days/7 days.
  • LOAEL(HEC) - LOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human equivalent concentration.
M
  • m - meter
  • MCL - maximum contaminant level
  • MCLG - maximum contaminant level goal
  • MED - minimum effective dose
  • MEFV - maximum expiratory flow volume
  • MF - modifying factor
  • mg - milligram
  • mg/kg - milligrams per kilogram
  • mg/L - milligrams per liter
  • mmHg - millimeters of mercury; a measure of pressure
  • MMAD - mass median aerodynamic diameter
  • MOE - margin of exposure
  • MOS - margin of safety
  • MTD - maximum tolerated dose
  • MTL - median threshold limit
  • MVa - Minute ventilatory volume for experimental animal species (composite value expressed in cu.m/day) used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • MVh - Minute ventilatory volume for human (composite value expressed in cu.m/day) used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • MVho - Minute ventilatory volume for human in an occupational environment, assuming 8 hour/day exposure (composite value expressed in cu.m/day), used in the HEC derivation of an
  • RfC.
N
  • NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards
  • NAS - National Academy of Sciences
  • NESHAP - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
  • NFPA - National Fire Prevention Association
  • ng - nanogram
  • NIH - National Institutes of Health
  • NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  • NLM - National Library of Medicine
  • NOAEL - no-observed-adverse-effect level
  • NOAEL(ADJ) - NOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration from an intermittent regimen by hour/day and days/7 days.
  • NOAEL(HEC) - NOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human equivalent concentration.
  • NOEL - no-observed-effect level
  • n.a. - not available
  • n.o.s. - not otherwise specified
  • NRC - National Research Council
  • NSPS - New Source Performance Standards
  • NTIS - National Technical Information Service
  • NTP - National Toxicology Program
O
  • OAQPS - Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. EPA
  • OAR - Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. EPA
  • OARM - Office of Administration and Resources Management, U.S. EPA
  • OC - open cup
  • OW - Office of Water, U.S. EPA
  • OHEA - Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA
  • OHM/TADS - Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data Systems
  • OPP - Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. EPA
  • OPPE - Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation, U.S. EPA
  • OPTS - Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA
  • ORD - Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA
  • OSHA - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  • OST - Office of Science and Technology, U.S. EPA
  • OSWER - Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. EPA
  • OTS - Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA
  • OWRS - Office of Water Regulations and Standards, U.S. EPA
P
  • P - probit dose extrapolation model
  • PBPK - physiologically based pharmacokinetic
  • pCi - picocurie
  • PD - Position Document
  • PEL - permissible exposure limit
  • PHS - U.S. Public Health Service
  • p.o. - per os (by mouth)
  • ppb - parts per billion
  • ppm - parts per million
  • PU - pulmonary region of the respiratory tract
R
  • RA - risk assessment
  • RBC - red blood cell(s)
  • RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
  • RDDR - Regional deposited dose ratio used in derivation of an HEC for particles.
  • RDDR(ER) - Regional deposited dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed extrarespiratory effect of particles.
  • RDDR(ET) - Regional deposited dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of particles in the extrathoracic region of the respiratory tract.
  • RDDR(PU) - Regional deposited dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of particles in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract.
  • RDDR(TB) - Regional deposited dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of particles in the tracheobronchial region of the respiratory tract.
  • RDDR(TH) - Regional deposited dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of particles in the thoracic region of the respiratory tract.
  • RDDR(TOTAL) - Regional deposited dose ratio used the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of particles in the total respiratory tract.
  • RGDR - Regional gas dose ratio used in derivation of an HEC for gases.
  • RGDR(ET) - Regional gas dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of a gas in the extrathoracic region of the respiratory tract.
  • RGDR(PU) - Regional gas dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of a gas in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract.
  • RGDR(TB) - Regional gas dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of a gas in the tracheobronchial region of the respiratory tract.
  • RGDR(TH) - Regional gas dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of a gas in the thoracic region of the respiratory tract.
  • RGDR(TOTAL) - Regional gas dose ratio used in the HEC derivation of an RfC for an observed effect of a gas in the total respiratory tract.
  • RfD - Oral Reference Dose
  • RfC - Inhalation Reference Concentration
  • RgD - Regulatory Dose
  • RM - risk management
  • RPAR - rebuttable presumption against registration
  • RQ - Reportable Quantity
  • RTECS - Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
  • RV - residual volume
S
  • Sa - Surface area (in sq.cm) for respiratory tract region for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • Sa(ET) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of extrathoracic region for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • Sa(TB) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of tracheobronchial region for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • Sa(TH) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of thoracic region for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • Sa(PU) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of pulmonary region for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • Sa(TOTAL) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of total respiratory system for experimental animal species used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • SAB - Science Advisory Board
  • SANSS - Structure and Nomenclature Search System
  • SAP - serum alkaline phosphatase
  • SARA - Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 s.c. subcutaneous
  • SCE - sister-chromatid exchange
  • SDWA - Safe Drinking Water Act
  • SF - safety factor
  • SGOT - serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
  • SGPT - serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
  • Sh - Surface area (in sq.cm) of respiratory tract for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • Sh(ET) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of extrathoracic region for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • Sh(TB) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of tracheobronchial region for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • Sh(TH) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of thoracic region for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • Sh(PU) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of pulmonary region for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • Sh(TOTAL) - Surface area (in sq.cm) of total respiratory system for human used in the HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • sigma g - geometric standard deviation
  • SMCL - secondary maximum contaminant level
  • SMR - standard mortality ratio
  • sq.cm. - square centimeters
  • SRI - Stanford Research Institute
  • STEL - short-term exposure limit
T
  • TB - tracheobronchial region of the respiratory tract
  • TCC - Tagliabue closed cup, a standard method of determining flash points
  • TDB - Toxicology Database
  • TH - thoracic (TB + PU) region of the respiratory tract
  • TLV - Threshold Limit Value
  • TOC - Tagliabue open cup, a standard method of determining flash points
  • TOTAL - total respiratory tract
  • TSCA - Toxic Substances Control Act
  • TWA - time-weighted averageý
U
  • UCL - upper confidence limit
  • UEL - upper explosive limit
  • UF - uncertainty factor
  • µg - microgram
  • umol - micromoles
V
  • VAa - Alveolar ventilation rate (cu.m/day) for experimental animal species used in HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • VAh - Alveolar ventilation rate (cu.m/day) for human used in HEC derivation of an RfC.
  • VOC - volatile organic compound
  • v/v - volume for volume
W
  • WBC - white blood cell(s)
  • WQC - Water Quality Criteria

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